This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the number of sports infrastructure in the federal districts of the Russian Federation and the health of the population of these regions in 2010-2015. The promotion of a healthy lifestyle is one of the priorities of the social and economic policies of any state. Sport policy in Russia, aimed at increasing the mass participation in the sport, is built around the interdependence of the sports infrastructure and the health of the population. The research question of this paper is whether there is a growth in physical activity of the population and a decrease in the incidence rate in the Russian Federation against the background of an increasing number of sports facilities? The interrelation of the number of sports facilities, the share of the population engaged in physical culture and sports, the general incidence of the population and the incidence of flu and cold were analyzed in Russia in general and in eight of its federal districts in particular. Although the correlation analysis does not allow us to judge the cause-effect relationship, we can still clarify the model of the influence of the sports infrastructure on these important indicators for human development. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between the growth in sports infrastructure and the level of involvement of the population in sports practices. The differentiation of Russian regions according to the degree of influence of the sports infrastructure and sports participation on the incidence is shown.