Resumen El articulo pretende mostrar el diagrama de fuerzas politicas que ha caracterizado el conflicto colombiano en el ambito rural regional. Se hace hincapie en las dinamicas llevadas a cabo por los diferentes actores del conflicto politico, las cuales nos permiten hablar del control estrategico-politico sobre regiones y de la disputa de la soberania territorial al Estado colombiano. Esta lectura se opone a la idea de que la principal motivacion para realizar las acciones belicas es la simple depredacion economica de las regiones a controlar. La administracion de una justicia propia, la prestacion de servicios privados de proteccion, la distribucion y uso de los presupuestos municipales y el cobro de rentas a particulares son practicas contemporaneas que demuestran la historica debilidad del Estado en Colombia. Este mapa politico representa una condicion necesaria para poder entender desde que punto parten las acciones colectivas que las organizaciones campesinas han venido realizando, como alternativas civiles para la construccion de la paz social Palabras claves : Debilidad estatal, actores armados, conflicto politico y social, construccion de paz, acciones colectivas, noviolencia. Abstract The article aims to show the diagram of political forces that has characterized the Colombian conflict in the field regional rural. The emphasis is on the dynamic carried out by the different actors of the political conflict, which allow us to talk about the strategic control political on regions and the dispute in the territorial sovereignty to the Colombian State. This reading is opposed to the idea that the main motivation to carry out the military action is the simple predation economic regions to control. The administration of a self justice, the provision of services private protection, distribution and use of municipal budgets and collection of income to individuals are contemporary practices that demonstrate the historic weakness of the State in Colombia. This political map represents a necessary condition in order to understand from what point starting the collective actions that the peasant organizations have been conducting, as alternatives civilians for the construction of the social peace. Key Words: State weakness, armed actors, social and political conflict, construction of peace, collective actions, nonviolence