Increasingly takes more strength in countries with advanced economies decouple people’s income from work, due to different factors such as production automation. In this context emerges the Basic Income as a proposal for social, political and economic transformation. Objective: To reflect on how it has evolved the concept of Basic Income, and the opportunities and risks when implemented. Materials and Methods: It has been made a systematic review of relevant literature from the databases like SciELO, RedALyC, and other sources such as books and web pages. Results: Basic Income is a strategy that can be used by governments to reduce inequality in the distribution of wealth. Its implementation has positive impacts on health by reducing the stress and impact of social economic determinants on individuals and societies. Conclusion: Basic Income is a strategy that guarantees fundamental rights such as freedom and autonomy; and encourages the equitable redistribution of resources to the entire population. Although this requires that people have a cultural change aimed towards progress in order to avoid in population decreased productivity and conformism.