Toxaphene is a persistent organic pollutant, which consists of a mixture of thousands of polychlorinated congeners. In Colombia, toxaphene was the most widely used pesticide in cotton fields located on Cesar department. This study evaluated the anaerobic biodegradation of toxaphene contaminated soil in El Copey, Cesar. Seven treatments were evaluated using a sample of soil in anaerobic microcosm for 270 days, to determine the effect of biosolids, molasses, vegetable material, zero valent iron (ZVI) and lime, on the degradation of toxaphene. It was also made an enrichment culture of toxaphene contaminated soil, evaluating the effect of 3 priming molecules, and the participation of 7 groups of halorespiring bacteria. An analysis of relative area of 11 peaks of toxaphene, using GC-ECD, was used to give evidence of changes in the toxaphene fingerprint for microcosm and enriched cultures. The microcosm treatments with an addition of molasses, biosolids and ZVI had higher transformation in the first peaks of the retention time than other treatments. On the other hand, enriched cultures showed a higher potential of toxaphene transformation in a shorter time period (30days), with respect to the microcosms (up to 120 days). However, it was not possible to identify halorespiring microorganisms in the second stage of the enriched cultures, probably because of a high initial concentration of toxaphene showed on the soils. The molecule Trans-1,2-dibromocyclohexane demostrated a major change in the initial and final footprint peaks, which suggest an enhancer (or priming) effect on reductive dehalogenation processes enriched for this pesticide.