The topic of the political violence in Colombia has been a central point of numerous studies, where attempting to uncover the causes of this complex phenomenon have had transcendency in the history of our country. In the present research, it confronts Kalyvas s theoretical approaches doing the exploration of the micro foundations of the violence with a case study about the evidences of the armed confrontation in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), which was directly linked the Kankuamo people. In line with the above, the Author analyzes how the logic of territorial control of armed actors positioned in the zone, it determined the type of violence (selective or indiscriminate) that they used to obtain the collaboration of this indigenous community. In such a way, this research helps up to understand why this territorial control becomes a forceful factor and crucial to exert coercion in the context of new wars.