Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness relationship of five pharmacological strategies for the first-line treatment of patients with neuropathic pain in Colombia. Materials and methods: A decision tree was constructed comparing amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, tramadol and no treatment. The transition probabilities were obtained from a study identified in a systematic review of clinical literature. Costs were measured by expert consensus using the standard case methodology, and resource valuation was carried out using national-level pricing manuals. Deterministic sensitivity, of scenarios, and probabilistic analyses were carried out. Results: pregabalin proved to be the strategy with the best cost-effectiveness relationship, followed by gabapentin and amitriptyline. This result stands in almost all the sensitivity analyses performed, and only changes when the probability of pain reduction of more than 30 % was less than 14 % for pregabalin. Conclusions: pregabalin is a cost-effective alternative, and could be considered as the first-line treatment of patients with neuropathic pain in Colombia. Gabapentin and amitriptyline obtained a similar costeffectiveness relationship, and could be considered as alternatives according to the particular characteristics of each patient and the physician judgement and experience.