Various studies show that consumption of psychoactive substances has increased over the years. This increase is associated with nature cognitive factors emotional- affective and instability in family relationships; Factors that may affect academic, cognitive and behavioral areas of students. We set out to analyze the effect of cognitive variables and family on the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana and. 78 young people were assessed between 16 and 28 years old. 16% were male and 84% female, all from a private university in Arequipa, Peru. The Tower of Hanoi was applied to measure planning; the Simon Task, for inhibitory control and the Iowa Gambling Task for decision-making. Three questionnaires were applied; AUDIT for alcohol consumption, sociodemographic variables and to inquire about nicotine and marijuana. It is observed that there is a certain part of the gender effect on the frequency and intensity of alcohol; on the other hand the extent of planning is affected by the frequency and intensity of alcohol and nicotine. Furthermore, no significance is given to the dependent variables and marijuana.