The Anthropocene could be defined as a new geological era characterized by the increase in powerful actions of the human species on the planet, particularly from the last two centuries. This paper began by defining the concept, then we refer to the origin, emergence and characteristics of this era, and then make a brief analysis of the importance acquired in research within geography. We ended with some ideas, which assume that social development based on natural elements considered as immutable only lead to environmental imbalances generate and suffer no recent precedent in human history, increasing uncertainty.