El genero Neotropical de caballitos del diablo Polythore se distribuye principalmente en el oeste de Sur America en la vertiente este de la cordillera de los Andes entre Bolivia y Venezuela y en la region Amazonica. En este estudio, se revisan las especies de Polythore reconocidas actualmente con base en caracteres morfologicos del macho adulto, incluyendo venacion alar, patron de coloracion alar y ligula genital. Solo se mencionan aspectos generales de las hembras dado su polimorfismo y la poca disponibilidad de especimenes en las colecciones. Se encontro que la presencia de sectores suplementarios entre las venas RP2 y IR2 proximales al pterostigma define taxonomicamente al genero. Basado en este caracter diagnostico se propone la nueva combinacion P. chiribiquete. Se evaluo el estatus de las poblaciones propuestas en la literatura para las especies del grupo picta a traves de aproximaciones morfometricas y analisis multivariados. Solo las poblaciones de P. procera y P. gigantea se diferenciaron claramente; las poblaciones del resto de las especies solo se diferencian en los caracteres propuestos en la literatura pero no al incluir otros caracteres. Se proveen descripciones, ilustraciones y una clave de identificacion para machos adultos. Se llevo a cabo un analisis filogenetico de 49 especies, incluyendo todas las especies de Polythore y 29 especies del grupo externo, basado en coloracion alar de macho y hembra y caracteres morfologicos de la ligula genital del macho. Los caracteres se codificaron y sistematizaron en el software DELTA. Se utilizo el metodo Ratchet usando NONA bajo el paquete WinClada. Se realizaron analisis particionados usando caracteres del macho y de la hembra, y sus resultados se compararon con un analisis de evidencia total. Asimismo, se estudio la relacion entre la variabilidad morfologica intraespecifica y la senal filogenetica en dos regiones corporales (alas y genitales) usando como modelo las especies de Polythore, y a traves de aproximaciones de morfometria lineal y geometrica. El analisis de evidencia total presento el menor porcentaje de homologias estrictas (22%), siendo muy cercano al del analisis particionado con los caracteres de la hembra (32%), mientras que el analisis particionado con los caracteres de machos presento el mayor numero de homologias estrictas con 37%. Se provee soporte estadistico para los clados individuales a traves de Bootstrap y soporte de Bremer. Una homologia soporta la monofilia de Polythore. De los seis grupos de especies propuestos en la literatura, solo tres resultaron ser monofileticos. El grupo hermano de Polythore es Euthore. Se registra por primera vez para Colombia P. williamsoni. / Abstract. The Neotropical damselfly genus Polythore is mainly distributed in western South America, in the foothills of the eastern slope of the Andes between Bolivia and Venezuela and in the Amazon region. In the present study, the 19 species of Polythore are revised based on morphological adult male characters from wing venation, wing pattern coloration, and genital ligula. Only general characters of females are included due to their polymorphism and to the limited availability of specimens in collections. Presence of supplementary sectors between RP2 and IR2 proximal to the pterostigma was found as a character that taxonomically defines the genus. Based on this character the new combination P. chiribiquete is proposed. The status of the populations proposed in the literature for species of the picta group is assessed by morphometric and multivariate analyses. Clear differentiation was found in populations of P. procera and P. gigantea. Populations of the remaining species differ only by characters proposed in the literature but not by other characters studied. Descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key to adult males are provided. A phylogenetic analysis of 49 species, including all the species of Polythore plus 29 outgroup species, was performed based on wing venation, wing pattern coloration of male and female, and male genital ligula. Character coding and managing was conducted through DELTA package. Heuristic search tree was developed under the Ratchet method using NONA of the WinClada package. Partitioned analysis using male and female characters were designed and were compared with a total evidence analysis. Also, the relationship between morphological intraspecific variability and phylogenetic signal was studied using the species of Polythore as a model, through lineal and geometric morphometrics approach in two body regions: wings and genitalia. Total evidence analysis had the lowest percentage of strict homologies (22%), being near the percentage of partitioned analysis of female characters (32%), while partitioned analysis of male characters had the highest percentage of strict homologies with 37%. The statistical support for individual clades was assessed with Bootstrap and Bremer values. A strict homology as support of the monophyly of Polythore was found. Of the six species groups proposed in the literature, only three were found to be natural groups. The sister group of Polythore is Euthore. Polythore williamsoni is registred for the first time for Colombia.