This document present the results of a research whose main purpose was to analyze socioeconomic differences associated to life`s quality conditions of urban and rural Colombian female-headed households, using as a principal source of information the Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida 2013 (ECV). In seeking to achieve this purpose were ahead three steps: first, a review of the state of the art on the methodological and conceptual approach to the socio-economic gaps, second, socioeconomic characterization of rural and urban female-headed households in Colombia, and finally, the calculation of the gap between the rural and urban households, for each of the dimensions of life`s quality considered. It conclude that the gaps between rural and urban households headed by women state that households in urban areas have better socio-economic conditions, particularly in access to public services, some physical characteristics of housing, opinions against current situation household income, some features in household composition, type of security system in health, education, time use and access to technology. But households in the rural area, show better results when comparing the variables, the type of housing tenure, payment of rent and depreciation, aid for the acquisition or improvement of housing and other subsidies, and membership in security social health.