Structural and Functional Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Review Because of its biologic characteristics, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis can affect any tissue of the human body. Since the lungs are the most frequently affected organs, it is common the dissemination of the infection in the thorax with the development of sequelae in the pulmonary parenchyma, the airways, the vascular pulmonary system, the pleural space and the mediastinum. The sequelae lead to functional disturbances with a direct effect on the prognosis and the quality of life of the patients. This is a review of the thoracic sequelae in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. The sequelae were classified as airways, parenchymal, pleural, mediastinal, vascular and functional sequelae.