analysis will be focused on the dimension of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, will be necessary to consider some parameters that serve as conceptual axis on which support the interpretive reading and analytical research, two theories of international relations will be addressed: The Offensive Realism and Anarchy that explain the phenomenon that come about in the international system and how they affect the way on the African continent; as well as the influence of various actors such as international organizations (the United Nations with its subsidiaries as the UN Agency for Refugees UNHCR, the United Nations Fund for Children UNICEF or the World Food Program WFP) Organizations NGO promoting the protection and defense of human rights. With particular emphasis on the implications that entails the recruitment of children and their participation in armed conflicts on the African continent on the occasion of natural resources; we must also take into account the mechanisms for the moment are designed for implementation at the protection and prevention of violations and breaches of those universal humanitarian standards mandatory. Children in most cases they are used as soldiers, losing a child and at the same time they are often victims of extreme brutality amid the innocence of the age. There are numerous cases where armed groups have drugged these children as initial preparation prior to participation in combat, forcing them to commit atrocities against their own families in order to destroy their family and community ties, in countries such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, DRC, Somalia, Central African Republic, Sudan and South Sudan; Javier Miranda explained in his report on Child Soldiers: Crime Against Humanity. At the international level on the various wars that happen in Africa for natural resources as a central theme, constantly has been hit by dozens of internal armed conflicts in different States; places where daily serious violations of international humanitarian law committed, unpunished in most cases.