This thesis deals with three main chapters that contextualize the significant environmental impacts generated by the mechanization of the sugarcane cutting, regarding environmental aspects such as water, air, soil, and socioeconomics, among others, in the Municipality of La Virginia and the locality of Caimalito in the department of Risaralda. Initially made a diagnosis of biotic and abiotic environment, taking into account the economic conditions of the cutters of sugarcane in the study site, for economic diagnosis the cane cutting, specifically, 76 surveys were conducted using snowball sampling, with the ongoing support of environmental economics seedbed which the authors belong. These surveys were closer to the reality of the sugar cane cutting. Environmental aspects were identified, which were then evaluated and analyzed to define the positive and negative environmental impacts brought about mechanization of sugar cane, and finally, to give possible solutions to significant negative environmental impacts, we conducted environmental management plan, which contemplate actions to prevent, reduce, mitigate and compensate for such impacts.