The objective of this research was to determine the importance of the differential diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus as pathogen causing respiratory diseases in coal environments, gliotoxin by identifying the marker gene as pathogenicity P since at present epidemiological data are few, and there are no established values that demonstrate the degree of microbiological contamination environment nor their relationship with patients suffering from respiratory tract. A literature review was conducted seeking partnerships concentrations Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) as a pathogen in the environment with the development of bronchial diseases particularly in coal areas. The exposure limit values are also unknown in bioaerosols to prevent toxic or allergic responses because the only studies found are very outdated. This research will through the adoption of new analytical perspectives, rethink diagnostic criteria for respiratory infectious diseases, seeking to identify possible pathogens causing respiratory conditions such as Aspergillus fumigatus.