In arid land, human existence and development rely mainly on oases. Although great progress has been made in the development of oases of China in the twentieth century, their further development faces severe challenge. This paper holds that the main problems include desertification, resources over use, low level science and technology, and irrational industry structure. The future development of oases should be an oasis system characterized by knowledge intensification, and this system consists of agricultural, industrial and advanced science and technology. In terms of dominant resources in the arid land, the way toward high efficient and sustainable development of oases through industrialization of knowledge have discussed. The hot points in the study of oases include the rational scale and development space of oases, the industrialization process of knowledge economy, industrial structure of oasis resources under knowledge economy, control of oasis development security system, and the construction of coordinately developing system of knowledge economy and PRED.