This work intends to valid the need of developing an integral theory that allows to explain the characterization and nature of the inference processes. It presents three mains aspects of the Bajtinian proposal in relation to comprehension and a classification proposal of the inferences from the point of view of the discourse production as well as from the text levels. The inference is characterized as a process of searching of the meaningful relations through a text, framed in a discursive gender. A multilevel and a multifunctional development of the meaningful relations and of the inferences is highlighted. We insist in showing the closed established relationship between inference and comprehension and in the importance of activing the inference processes in order to acquire knowledge from the a read text.