The development of preventive and control mechanisms to nosocomial microorganisms are important efforts to develop both human and veterinary hospitals. Among those strategies aimed to reduce both pathogenic microbial flora and multidrug resistance in hospitals are the reduction of microorganisms dissemination from staff to animals, avoiding acquisition of microorganisms from hospital equipment sand infrastructure, conducting permanent cleaning, disinfection and sterilization programs; and a rational use of antimicrobials. The present document describes the fundamental principles of in hospital microbiological control, fitted to the veterinary medical context in Colombia.