Today, more than ever before, it is common to see in the media, academia, business, government agencies, among others, the words Research and Development and also the term 'R & D' and Biotechnology. We also see that companies invest significant resources in their research departments, governments allocate more efforts as a percentage of GDP and organizations dedicated to these purposes and universities establish partnerships with the public and private sectors seeking to generate development in new technologies. It is also said that the future business and big profits are the field of novel technologies and product implementation as a result of biodevelopment. This is the reason why these processes are stored in extreme secrecy, and also considered confidential. This paper seeks to present to the reader the available knowledge of one of the many potential new technologies: microalgae to biofuels and products. Detailed aspects of one of the most comprehensive developments in the future will be discussed with emphasis on the environmental sustainability of this novel technology.