Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that is distributed worldwide and is the main cause of bacteremia in numerous geographical regions. The rates of resistance to antibiotics have increased exponentially and various studies have demonstrated that the resistant strains are no longer limited to the hospital environment, as there has been a significant increase in community-acquired methicillin-resistant bacteria. The epidemiology of this infection is changing, which has made the initial management of patients with S. aureus bacteremia more complicated, as well as the relatively limited amount of antibiotics for treatment. Despite medical and scientific progress, mortality attributed to this infection has remained the same over the past years. Thus, it is becoming a problem for health systems that implies increased healthcare costs. It is necessary to update this topic in order to offer adequate clinical treatment for S. aureus bacteremia.