La mucositis es una patologia que se caracteriza por inflamacion, dolor y ulceracion en la mucosa oral y se presenta con frecuencia como efecto secundario a tratamientos de quimioterapia y radioterapia. Con esta revision de literatura queremos Actualizar a los odontologos sobre el concepto, diagnostico y manejo de la mucositis oral (MO), sus componentes clinicos, las diferentes modalidades y su compromiso sistemico, lo que permitira al profesional realizar el tratamiento ideal especifico para cada paciente. Busca tambien determinar la patogenesis de la enfermedad, sus variables relacionadas y la prevalencia de casos en pacientes con cancer. Palabras clave: Mucositis, mucosa oral, tratamiento oncologico. SUMMARY Mucositis is a pathology characterized by inflammation, pain, and ulceration of the oral mucous membrane which often occurs as a side effect of chemotherapy and radiation treatments. By means of the following literature review we would like to update dentists on the concept, the diagnosis, and the management of oral mucositis as well as on its clinical components, different modalities, and systemic compromise in an attempt to allow the practitioner to perform an individually and specifically ideal treatment for each patient. We also seek to determine the pathogenesis of the disease, its related variables, and its prevalence of cases in patients with cancer. Key words: Mucositis, oral mucosa, oncology treatment.