Objectives: To d eterminefactors associated with cognitive functionality of the elderly, residing in nursing homes in Cartagena, 2012. Methodology: Analytic study of apopulation consisting of 192 elderly residents in Social Protection Centers of Cartagena.A socio- demographic survey and a mental evaluation test (Pfeiffer) were applied. Results: The participants’ average age was 75; 50.5% were masculine; 68.23% had no partner. 47% showed some degree of mental deterioration: 20.8% mild impairment, 19.2% moderate impairment and 6.7% serious impairment, according to the Pfeiffer scale. The cognitive function most affected was the ability to perform mathematical calculation: 76.2% on the Pfeiffer scale. As age advances cognitive impairment increases. Discussion: Most of the participants show some degree of deterioration in cognitive function whichwas related to age. The need to implement intervention programs is demonstrated.