Was evaluated the variation of wealth and abundance of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea into two fragments of tropi- cal dry forest in the village of Corrales de San Luis Atlantico, Colombia. Four samplings were carried in each fragment from September to December. In the study area, a lineal transect was installed and it was captured the specimens with entomologi- cal nets and Van Someren-Rydon tramps, baited with macerated fruits, fish and beer. Were collected 1,030 Lepidoptera adults divided into 74 species. The most diverse family was Nymphalidae with 39 species and an abundance of 736 individuals, stres- sing the Microtia elva Bates with 368 samples. The highest richness (42) was presented at La Montana in October, while the largest number of individuals (205) was captured in December at La Esmeralda. During the rainy season in October there was an increase in the vegetation canopy and an increase in the inflorescences, presenting greater availability and an even distribu- tion of resource which could explain the greater wealth (42) of Lepidoptera Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea during this month. The ANOSIM test showed no differences in the composition and community structure of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea in the two studied fragments. According to the analysis, the humidity and the precipitation are the parameters that contribute the most to the explanation of biological pattern, and have a greater influence on the composition and dynamics of Papilionoidea and