Personalities with extraordinary contrasts are presented in this study, their medium age is 57 years, from Karl van Frisch who received the Nobel Prize at the age of 87, to David Baltimore at the age of 37. The average initiation and duration of each investigation oscilates from 10 to 20 years. It is important to note Doctor Rosalyn Yalow, the second woman to be awarded this distinction and Doctor Barut Benacerrafas the second one from Latin America. The transcendental findings achieved by the scientist distinguished with the Nobel Price could be grouped in three areas: 1) Cytogenetics and the study of virus, that has permitted the development of Genetic Engineering. 2) The development of important fields such as Immunology, Radioirnrnunoanalysis, Nuclear Medicine and Axial Tomography, all of them of extreme utility in modern medical diagnosis. 3) The study of social and individual patterns of behavior related to Ethology, the new concepts and understanding about some functions of the cerebral hemispheres, all of which provide a new and deeper vision of the human being.