This work arises from the need to identify, recognize and analyze the different factors that occur in the process of literacy in the Validation Cycle Schools. Factors such as the economic, ideological, social, cultural, family, both the constantly changing reading and writing cultures. Recognizing the strategies and methodologies used in these Centers, analyzing the strengths, in order to characterize the written culture. Besides, we worked on the recognition of the population of young people and adults from the Centers studied, taking into account their lifestyle, their everyday life, context, culture, needs, interests, life experiences in relation to literacy and reading. Based on the collection, analysis and reflection of this data it is necessary to plan a proposal that aims to improve and expand literacy processes in the Centers of Education in cycles. Taking into account important aspects such as social and political function and, based on an innovative and analytical model that addresses the descriptive characterization in relation to previous knowledge, needs and interests of young people and adults involved in these educational processes.