From the doctrinal perspective about the origins and the viability of the Repetition Action in Colombia, the author concludes that the difficulties for the objective of patrimonial restitution responds, at first, to the power of conciliation committees in order to determinate its viability. Secondly, to the deficiencies with in the call in guarantee procedure. For such intention, the document calls for the revision of the Law 678 dated in 2001, and the empirical, doctrinal and jurisprudential studies about the Action. At the same time, recommendations for restructuring the Action are suggested, which includes strengthening the role of Public Prosecutor’s Office and the state agencies, as well as greater regulation of the guarantee call.