Returning to a concern of development economics in Latin America, and in particular of the approaches developed by Prebisch, Furtado, and Hirschman, an analysis is presented of the central elements on which long-term growth is based in the countries of the capitalist periphery. The organic articulation to the commercial, technical, and productive dynamic of capitalist markets frames the structural evolution that the peripheral economies undertake in processes of modernization and productive diversification, through which they can integrate the population into the dynamics of technical progress, productivity gains, and increasing incomes. Growth is based on processes of structural change (productive transformation and equity), which broaden and improve productive capacity and make it possible to reduce the productive and technical gap with the center.