We bring up the need to question the epistemological, theoretical and political hegemony of categories such as health-illness and well-being, to propose a different analytical perspective. This implies focusing on the understanding of the relationships between the praxis of social agents, the structuring of the local capitalist accumulation regime, and the subjective suffering produced by the different social inequality and domination systems. Firstly, we present a reflection on several critical theory elements that lead to an answer on the analytical hegemonic frameworks on the different dimensions of life and health policies, followed by several alternatives for its understanding. Afterwards, we present an approach to the key social problems that cover the proposed analytic shift. Finally, we summarize the relevance of a critical epistemology of the “care for life” that manages to contribute, accompany and strengthen the liberating struggles, faced with the violent expressions of different orders of domination.