The relevance of environmental issues becomes more important in economic theory until after the sixties. In principle, the classical theory, focused his concern on the possible problem of growth and by analyzing the marginal role of the market efficient resource allocator. In the seventies recognized negative impacts of economic growth on environmental resources. In that scenario, and with the help of guidelines given by the Stockholm Conference and Rio de Janeiro, formal appearance is made possibleenvironmental economics, which was focused on sustainable development, engaging in environmental education that goal as a strategy to enable optimal use of environmental resources. This article presents a review of the different schools of economic thought, stressing its theoretical contribution to the formation of environmental economics discipline. This paper introduces a review of the different schools of economic thought, stressing its theoretical contribution to the formation of environmental economics discipline.