This is the first study in Colombia which covers an evaluation of native rhizobium associated to the Caupi bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in the departaments of Cesar and Guajira. In this research it was demonstrated that the use of native rhizobium isolated from nodes, improved the development of the Caupi bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), being this bacteria more efficient than the chemical and absolute treatments (without inoculum and fertilization) also improving the biological nitrogen fixation and the photosynthetic rate. As contribution of the study, it was determined that in greenhouse conditions and according to the results obtained from differents measured agronomic variables, this could influence positively in the nutritional performance of the crop, basis of food of the cattle system of this regions of the country and the food source of the indigenous community of low economic income.