En la presente revision bibliografica sobre la leche bovina; se abarco lo relacionado con la composicion, beneficios, y enfermedades asociadas a su consumo. La leche de vaca esta compuesta de agua, lactosa, grasa, minerales y proteinas. Existen dos grandes grupos de bovinos, “Taurus” e “Indicus” que generan leche tipo A1 y A2 respectivamente. Se ha demostrado que la leche tipo A1 es responsable de enfermedades como la diabetes tipo 1, arteriosclerosis, por una inestabilidad en el aminoacido 67 de la proteina beta-caseina que desprende un grupo de 7 aminoacidos conocido como BCM7 (Beta-Casomorphin-7). De acuerdo a otras enfermedades asociadas al consumo de leche de vaca, se encontro que el cancer de seno se relaciona con el virus de leucemia bovina BLV (Davignon, 1991; Ehtisham, 2000; Fulton, 2006; Drake, 2002). A la vez, se han detectado contaminantes quimicos de uso veterinario y agropecuario en la leche de vaca; los mas comunes son metales pesados, dioxinas, furanos, binifenilospliclorados, aromaticos policiclicos, antibioticos lactamicos, plaguicidas como aldrin, HBC, lindano, heptacloro y heptacloroepoxico, DDT e isomeros, dieldrin. Todos estos compuestos son perjudiciales para la salud por ser causantes de multiples afecciones. Por otro lado se encontro que la leche materna es irremplazable e intransferible entre especies, debido a su composicion exacta acorde a las necesidades del lactante (Hostalot, 2001). La ingesta de la leche bovina es decision de cada persona, sin embargo se debe estar al tanto de los estudios cientificos y tener una asesoria nutricional adecuada para evitar problemas de salud debido a su consumo (FDA, 2005). Abstract In this review of the literature on bovine milk, is spanned to do with the composition, benefits, and diseases associated with consumption. Cow’s milk is water, lactose, fat, minerals and proteins, there are two major groups of animals, “Taurus” and “Indicus” milk generate A1 and A2 respectively. It has been demonstrated that milk type A1 is responsible for diseases such as type 1 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, by instability in the amino acid 67 of beta-casein protein shows a group of seven amino acids known as BCM7 (Beta-Casomorphin-7) . According to other illnesses associated with the consumption of cow’s milk was found that breast cancer is associated with bovine leukemia virus BLV. While chemical contaminants have been detected veterinary and agriculture in cow’s milk, the most common are heavy metals, dioxins, furans, binifenilospliclorados, polycyclic aromatic lactam antibiotics, pesticides such as aldrin, HBC, lindane, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxy isomers DDT, dieldrin, all of these compounds are detrimental to health generating multiple conditions. On the other hand it was found that breast milk is irreplaceable and non-transferable between species, due to its exact composition according to the needs of the infant. The bovine milk intake is up to each person, however you should be aware of scientific studies and have a proper nutritional counseling to prevent health problems due to their consumption. Keywords: Cow’s milk, breast milk, BCM7, bovine leukemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes type 1.