The impact of climate variability and climate change makes it necessary to develop comprehensive and coherent policies aimed at the adaptation of the country’s different productive sectors. The article analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of the use of agrofuels in Colombia, within a comprehensive framework that includes environmental, social, and economic impacts. It concludes that the tax benefits the State receives due to agrofuels do not counterbalance the opportunity cost for society with respect to social investment and environmental degradation. Finally, crop diversification is recommended in order to guarantee the country’s food sovereignty and improve the quality of life of the rural population, which shows high indices of poverty and indigence.