In Colombia, the Andean region has the largest number of orchid species and therefore it has ben the most studied area. In contrast, the bioregion of the Orinoco River basin is considered the porest in orchid records. Catasetum rectangulare is a litle known endemic species of the Orinoco River basin. The aim of this investigation is to understand aspects of diversity and distribution of C. rectangulare in the Colombian Orinoquia. The distribution of C. rectangulare was studied in the departments of Arauca, Casanare, Cundinamarca and Meta, asociated with the Andean fothils and high plain, with an elevation range of 182-58 masl. Aditonaly, data of loral morphological variation, fruiton, phorophyte preference and conservation status were established based on native populations. In conclusion, C. rectangulare is a species that concentrates its abundance in the department of Meta, so it can be considered an area for in situ conservation.