The mountain tapir, Tapirus pinchaque, is a species that inhabits the high mountain ecosystems and different pressures on their populations requires management actions applicable in the regional context, under model adaptive management and strategic planning. The analysis of the risk of extinction of a species involves examining the reality at different scales relating spaces, users and resource use. Each of these elements attributed own system features contributing to their understanding in a practical way to propose alternatives that improve the possible pressures that are being generated on a conservation. This paper analyzes the threats affecting the populations of mountain tapir (deforestation and hunting) and their potential health effects and genetic variability, citing the case of two geographically distinct populations within the range: Natural Los Nevados National Park in Colombia and Sangay National Park in Ecuador. Using information from a vulnerability analysis + threat was performed using the Software Miradi from which conservation strategies on the ecosystem and management strategies of the population as such are proposed. This information provides tools for planning of protected areas, conservation programs in situ and ex situ conservation of the species and basis for decision-making and implementation of public policies that directly affect highly vulnerable ecosystems such as heathland habitat, mountain tapir.