Introduccion. En la unidad de neuropsicologia del Instituto Neurologico de Colombia (INDEC), la atencion a ninos y adolescentes con trastornos del neurodesarrollo constituye el principal motivo de consulta en diagnostico y rehabilitacion neuropsicologica. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes ninos y adolescentes que han consultado en la unidad de neuropsicologia del INDEC. Metodos. Se seleccionaron 5747 pacientes menores de 18 anos que consultaron, entre 2009 y 2012, en la unidad de neuropsicologia del INDEC. Se estudiaron las variables de edad, sexo y diagnostico. Resultados. Los diagnosticos principales de la poblacion infantil fueron perturbacion de la actividad y de la atencion, retraso mental leve, y trastorno mixto de ansiedad y depresion. Se empleo la Clasificacion internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10). Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran los principales tipos de enfermedad neurologica infantil y de adolescentes en la poblacion perteneciente a la ciudad de Medellin, Colombia que consulta a neuropsicologia, lo que aporta en la busqueda de mejores mecanismos de prevencion, control, diagnostico y tratamiento, que faciliten una mejor incorporacion social, familiar y escolar en los ninos y adolescentes con alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo. Abstract Introduction: In the neuropsychology ward of the Neurological Institute of Colombia (INDEC), children and adolescents’s care with neurodevelopmental disorders is one of the main reasons for consultation about diagnosis and neuropsychological rehabilitation. Aim: Characterize both adolescent and children patients who have consulted in the neuropsychology ward INDEC. Patients and methods: 5.747 patients under 18, who were evaluated or received neuropsychological rehabilitation in the INDEC between the years 2009 and 2012 were selected. Also, the variables of age, sex and diagnosis were studied. Results: Disturbance of activity and attention were diagnosed in children, as well as mild mental retardation, mixed anxiety disorder and depression. International Classification of Diseases (ICD -10) was used. The diagnosis was made on the neuropsychology ward. Conclusion: the main consulted types of childhood neurological disease in Antioquia population were identified, in order to implement control strategies, diagnosis and treatment mechanisms that allow children with neurodevelopmental disorders are incorporated into society, family and school. Keywords: Autism, Depression, Mental Retardation, Pediatric Neuropsychology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity.