The anammox process is the most promissory metabolism for denitrification of waste water, and clear example in which his potential uses in Engineering solution, depend on advanced knowledge of microorganisms involved in the process. Despite of important number of publication, anammox process is poverty known in Latin-American countries. In this article is shown a general coments of the process Anammox, its intervention in the cycle of nitrogen, within the context of the bacterial activity in the transformation of nitrogen compounds. The Biology of the reported bacteria that are involved in this process and their biochemistry will be described. Some techniques, as Fluorescent in situ hybridization -FISH, and Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR, actually applied for identification of the bacterial groups and their potential applications in tertiary wastewater treatment systems, with high ammonium and nitrates concentrations.