The article aims to clarify the elements necessary to draw a logical, theoretical and methodological route, from which to establish strategic relationships between the human talent management and sustainable competitive advantages in time. In the argumentative development some historical and conceptual background on the subject are identified through the main theoretical developments and then associate this concept and organizational culture with a sustainable competitive advantage over time, and the consequent increase in performance of the organization. In this way, we intend to understand what the relationship between these concepts.