El sindrome de ovario poliquistico es una endocrinopatia comun y de etiologia desconocida, que afecta hasta el 10 % de las mujeres, y cuyas manifestaciones clinicas incluyen irregularidades menstruales, signos de hiperandrogenismo y obesidad. Se ha encontrado asociacion con resistencia a la insulina, con incremento del riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y eventos cardiovasculares. Asi mismo, se describe riesgo de preeclampsia, hiperplasia endometrial, cancer endometrial e infertilidad. Este sindrome es un desorden heterogeneo, con evidencia genetica basada en estudios de familias con herencia autosomica dominante y se ha identificado un alto numero de genes candidatos, tres de los mas estudiados han sido el gen del receptor de insulina, la region codificadora de globulina fijadora de hormonas sexuales y el gen relacionado con el receptor de androgenos. ABSTRACT The polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder of unknown etiology, which affects 10% of the women, whose clinical manifestationsinclude menstrual irregularities, signs of hyperandrogenism and obesity. It has been found associations with resistance to the insulin with increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Likewise risk is described of preeclampsia, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and infertility. This syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, with genetic evidence based on studies of families with inheritance autosomal dominant and has themselves identifying a high candidates genes number. Three of the most studied have been the gene of the receiver of insulin, the region encode of sex hormone binding globulin and the gene related to the receiver of androgens.