This article analyzes how was interpreted and recorded the rise of the “comuneros” of 1781, in three documents produced in the XVIII and XIX centuries. It is noteworthy that early, in relation to the uprising, various agents of the Spanish Empire (scribes, civil and religious authorities, etc…) Proposed the task of interpreting the insurrectionary movement and provide remedies to prevent their reproduction in the viceroyalty. In that way, the article seeks to explain the process of developing a counterinsurgent proseabout the rebellion “comunera”, going to this intention with the proposal of Ranajit Guha, opportunely with the rural uprisings in India between the XVIII and XIX centuries.