This article has as a purpose to present the historical aspects of the appearance of victimology as a field of the scientific knowledge. The contextual aspects of its appearance as well as the difficulties it has had to consolidate as an autonomous and independent area of the criminological knowledge are analyzed. Similarly, the basis of the world’s victimology movement and its repercussions in the legal field are stated, as well as its development in the applied field and the relationships with the philosophical theories of justice from the victims. Finally, the diverse fields of application related to the victimology attention inside the traditional penal investigation processes are presented, and their corresponding relationship to other forms of justice, such as restorative justice.