This article shows the emergence and development of the border dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia, ranging from the Royal Order in 1803, to the judgment of the International Court of Justice in November 2012. Attempted Nicaragua exposed to declare invalid Esguerra-Barcenas Treaty had given solution to the dispute over the Archipelago of San Andres, and the appearance of the White Books to ensure the protection of their territorial interests. Continue the development of the case before the International Court of Justice and concludes showing some reactions from both countries about the failure.