Introducction and Objetive: The situation of childhood in Colombia has led during the last decades to a significant increase of studies relating to problems that affect it. To identify access barriers to oral health services that affect boys and girls younger than 6 belonging to displaced families and inhabitants in the neighborhood Moravia of the city of Medellin. Materials and Methods: A structured survey was made in 80 mothers or caretakers of the children with the purpose of obtaining information on categories such as predisposition, endowment, perception of necessities of attention and satisfaction with oral health care provided, in accordance with that proposed by Aday and Andersen. Results: 83,8% of the interviewed women were younger than 30 years old and had a low scholastic education (6.6 years on the average). 97.5% of the children were affiliated to the General System of Social Security in Health, but in a high proportion (92,5%) the mothers ignored the rights of children regarding oral health care. A low percentage of women (8,8%) perceived oral problems that required attention. 72,5% of the boys and girls had not consulted or visited a dentist. It is common for services to reject the children who are too young. Conclusion: The potential and real access to the services of the studied population’s oral health care is influenced by decisive factors such as ignorance of the rights to care, payment capacity and variables of organization of the services. It was evident that the variable with more weight was that related with the perception of the need for care or treatment. To overcome these barriers requires the planning and development of interventions of health policies, organization of services and the attitudes of mothers and caretakers. Key words: Health services access; Preschoolers; Oral health; Equity. Rev.CES Odont.2010;23(2)41-48