The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual difference between healt promotion and illness prevention by means of reconsidering health and illness concepts. Complexity and integrality of the human being and his relationships are starting points for our approach. Moreover, the human being is understood as one amongst other living beings that inhabit this planet (plants, animals, micro-organisms and others). Health and illness concepts involve some components which are almost never discussed in the existing definitions, such as: - Time: timing plays a significant part in illness prevention. - Relativity regarding health-illness processes. - Life dynamics, including cycles that fluctuate from extensive satisfaction to pain. - Difference, conflicts and problems acceptance in the course of health-illness processes. Thereafter this approach differs from conceptualizations inspired by idealism, positivism/denial, linear or static standpoints that govern health or illness prevailing definitions. Through this approach, we inted to discriminate health promotion from illness prevention. Promotion is rather realted to health ensuring factors and prevention preferably related to illness or death hazards. This paper concludes with a recommendation: healt promotion and illness prevention should be part of the everyday routine.