Introduction Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of oportunistic infections, Strongyloides hyperinfection is one of them and can be diagnosed with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Aim We described clinical characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patientes with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection (SSH). Patients and methods Between 2001 -2012, nine consecutive cases of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection with positive bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed. Results Most frequently SSH was presented in men (8/9) mean age was 51 years. All patients had previous immunosupresive states: HIV (2/9), steroids use for different reasons (heart trasplant, lupus nephritis, chemoteraphy) in 3/9 cases, desnutrition (3/9) and Good Syndrome (thymoma and immunodeficiency) in 1/9 patients, additionally 2/9 patients were positive for HTLV-1 antibodies. Eosinophilia was absent in all cases. The symptoms were dyspnea (55%), diarrhea (44%), abdominal pain (33%), cough (22%), emesis (22%) and weight loss (22%). Most common radiographic presentation was mixed bilateral infiltrates (77%), 6/9 patients required mechanical ventilation. All patients were treated with ivermectin and broad spectrum antibiotics to cover gram negative bacterias (33% had positive cultures). The intrahospitalary mortality remains high (55%) despite of the management. Conclusion SSH presents in immunocompromised patients, the BAL is a useful tool in the diagnosis and allows early treatment for this severe infection. In countries where infection by parasites is endemic, should be high suspect.