Objective: the present work was aimed at reviewing some aspects of chorioamnionitis diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: a search was made of Pubmed, Ovid, Elsevier, Interscience, Medline, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO (1980 to 2008) and Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (March 31st 2008) electronic databases and printed text books to identify literature giving the best evidence regarding chorioamnionitis diagnosis and treatment. Results: chorioamnionitis is a syndrome which can affect both the mother and the foetus, requiring opportune diagnose and treatment due to its potential repercussions on mother-foetus binomial distribution. Conclusion: clinical suspicion of chorioamnionitis is a catastrophic condition of the foetus which can trigger preterm childbirth or may force induction of childbirth thereby leading to a premature foetus.