This paper addresses the problem the role of neutral theory of evolution in the debate about whether science evolves in the same way living beings do, or whether the dynamics of such evolution follows other determinations. A work that helps to clarify the way living species evolve has great value in evolutionary epistemology, considered from the point of view of Popper's theory of science. This paper presupposes that although it is not necessary that an exact correlation, in semantic terms, holds between the evolutionary concepts that rule life in the planet, and those used by evolutionary epistemology, it is important to ask the question of why should we take into account the basic ideas of neutral theory of evolution and which would be some of the consequences of such an extrapolation, specially under Popper's view of science.