Background Yanaconas indigenous people have their own strategies to understand and attend their health / disease process, particularly referring to the oral cavity. These activities do not involve traditional medicine practitioners and western medicine, are made by the same people. Objective:To identify and analyze self-care practices in oral health of the population of Yanacona´s resguardos of Caquiona and Pancitara. Objective We used the ethnographic method. The techniques were semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The information was entered in the field diary. The study group were the families of Pancitara and Caquiona resguardos. The analysis units consisted of five families who fulfilled the inclusion criteria: self-Indian ascription, Variable income, possession of two or more children and different levels of schooling of the mother. Materials and Methods We used the ethnographic method. The techniques were semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The information was entered in the field diary. The study group were the families of Pancitara and Caquiona resguardos. The analysis units consisted of five families who fulfilled the inclusion criteria: self-Indian ascription, Variable income, possession of two or more children and different levels of schooling of the mother. Results For them, the mouth is necessary to eat and communicate. People recognize diseases and other pains in the oral cavity and they have knowledge and skills to confront them, especially with medicinal plants and pharmaceutical drugs. Dental caries is recognized as the only disease that affects the mouth. They recognize a magical origin of canker sores. The oral self care involves the use of toothbrush and toothpaste and chewing on a plant-chulco-. Conclusions : Self-care in oral health is a strategy that allows the Yanacona´s people to solve all issues related to their oral health/disease process.