N-methylcarbamates are widely used worldwide to control insects, mites, nematodes, fungi and weeds in different crops. These are highly toxic to humans and animals, persist in the environment and have significant mobility in soils. Biorremediation is a possible alternative to mitigate the effects caused by these pesticides, which may be mediated by microorganisms capable of degrading toxic and highly complex molecules, in less complex molecules, non-toxic and that can be used by other organisms. In this review, we performed a detailed analysis of N-methylcarbamate pesticides degrading microorganisms, since a great diversity of species with different catabolic pathways of degradation have been found; also, we analyzed carbamate hydrolase enzymes, which act on a wide range of substrates, under different conditions and different molecular mechanisms (plasmids and genes) involved in pesticide biodegradation processes. The information collected is useful for understanding mechanisms that have developed microorganisms to degrade N-methylcarbamate pesticides.