This is the second paper devoted to the historical comprehension of educational reform promoted by Martin Luther in early 16th century Germany. The first paper, after discussing the principal aspects of such reform, and showing its connection with a profound change that western civilization was undergoing at that moment, left unanswered the question concerning the nature of that change. Thus, this second paper is devoted to describing the medieval order which Luther’s thoughts seemed to have abandonded, and the new rational order in which his thought seemed to take shelter.