Intro duc tion: sur gi cal site in fec tion in li ver trans plant re sults in high mor bi mor ta lity for the se patients. Objec ti ve: to learn about the in ci den ce of sur gi cal si te in fec tion, iden tify the mi croor ga nisms in vol ved and the fac tors that fa vor it with the pur po se of op ti mi zing our proph ylac tic strategies. Met hod: cohort study whe re pa tients with li ver trans plant we re pros pec ti vely in clu ded in our na tio nal da ta ba se. Pe riod of study: July 14, 2009 through May 31, 2013. Sta tis ti cal analy sis: we used chi squa red test. If the va lue in the con tin gency ta ble was lo wer than or equal to 5 we used the exact Fis her test. Va lues p < 0,05 we re considered significant. Re sults: sixty-fi ve pa tients un der went trans plant du ring this pe riod. Re la ti ve fre quency ac cu mu la ted for sur gi cal si te in fec tion was 12 pa tients (18.46%); tem po ral dis tri bu tion evi den ces in ci den ce grew in the last 12 months du ring which se ven epi so des took pla ce (58%) out of all sur gi cal si te in fec tion epi so des. Me dian ti me for epi so des to ap pear was 17 days. Out of all pa tients with sur gi cal si te in fec tion, 7 evi den ced risk fac tors for mul ti re sis tant mi cro-or ga nisms be fo re trans plant. Six teen mi cro-or ga nisms we re iso la ted, 12 of them co rres pon ded to gram-ne ga ti ve ba ci lli: (Kleb sie lla spp, n = 6), (Aci ne to bac ter bau man nii, n = 2), (Ente ro bac ter cloa cae, n = 1), (Ae ro mo nas spp, n = 1), (Pseu do mo nas ae ru gi no sa, n = 1), (E. co li, n = 1). In terms of their resistance profile: ten patients showed a multiresistant and extremely resistant profile. Con clu sions: one out of fi ve pa tients pre sen ted sur gi cal si te in fec tion in our cen ter, and the in ci den ce of gram-ne ga ti ve, mul ti re sis tant and ex tre mely re sis tant bacilli was high.