Gutta-percha is the most widely-used material for filling root canals and the lateral condensation technique is the most widely employed over the years due to its simplicity in handling and low cost. However, new systems have been described that also use gutta-percha but with different methods to seal the root canal. The importance of this review lies in guiding the scientific community in the selection of the system and/or filling technique producing the best results in terms of micro-leakage values, based on the literature. Certain classic texts that serve as a basis for understanding the endodontic terminology and its filling systems will also be taken into account. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on various current systems and techniques used in endodontic obturation and their performance in terms of micro-leakage values, thus creating a clear picture of progress and needs in the field of endodontic obturation.